A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Convergence Insufficiency Prevalence and Management Options

Background: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is one of the most common binocular vision disorders. The condition negatively affects quality life through its impact on near activities, while there a large gap in information global prevalence and consensus treatment. Objectives: purpose this systematic review meta-analysis was to assess treatment options available for convergence insufficiency. Methods: study performed 2023 using Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) guidelines. authors have searched Google Scholar, Research Gate, Scopus, PubMed, Index Medicus, Web Science, JAMA network. This included peer-reviewed studies published between January 2000 that assessed modalities Results: screened 13250 studies, 20 15 from 12 countries met inclusion criteria study. overall pooled 7.98%, heterogeneity highly significant P < 0.0001. Majorities 12(80%) reported office-based therapy effective CI, form those 5(42.0%) highlighted vergence/accommodative with home reinforcement best modality Whereas, home-based pencil push-up therapy, modified refractive correction, prismatic correction were as CI. reviewed showed recover symptomatic CI both adults children. Conclusion: high, studies. Office-based treatment, followed by correction. There among